Calculating Questions on ACT Science Interpolating and Extrapolating From Data

Calculating Questions on ACT Science Interpolating and Extrapolating From Data SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In these questions, math meets science. You might be thinking, â€Å"Wait, but the ACT Science section doesn’t let you use your calculator!†This is true! And this means the ACT Science questions that require calculations will only require very simple math that you can do by hand or in your head. Calculation questions require you to find a specific value based on the figures provided. However, the value will not be shown in the figure.Using the information you are given, you will need to predict what would happen past the edges of the graph or between values on a table.In this article, I'm going to cover interpolations and extrapolations, along with tips and realistic ACT Science practice questions. Interpolations The word itself seems complicated, but it simply means calculations of numbers between known data points (which are provided in the visuals).Let’s check out this ACT Science practice question: Start by trying to locate the relevant data (aka the data mentioned in the question, the average change in AGTB at 75 m from the nearest clearing) in this scatterplot: After examining the scatterplot, I see there are points marked at 70 and 80 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, but not at 75 m, this gap in data is what makes this an interpolation question! You have the data that surround the point, but you need to figure out what the point is. What mathematical calculation could you do (using the data you do have) to find the approximate average change in AGTB at 75 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing?Perhaps, averaging the average change in AGTB for 70 m and 80 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing?At 70m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, the average change in AGTB is about -3.1.At 80m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, the average change in AGTB is -2.2. Now, calculate using the average formula: Sum of the values / (divided by) the number of values: ((-2.2) + (-3.1)) / 2 = -5.2 / 2 = -2.6 Then, compare it to the answer choices: so, the answer is G. ACT Science Tip #1: even if you were a little off in your data grabbing (let’s say you said at 80m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, the average change in AGTB was -2.1), you see the answer choices are widespread enough that you will get the answer choice right by just picking the answer closest to the average you found in your calculations. ACT Science Tip #2: There is an alternate method to solve these questions when the answer choices are widespread (as they are in the question above). You can simply draw a line connecting the dots in the scatterplot, and then, you approximate the point at 75 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing. See my example below: Using this method, you can approximate the average change in AGTB at -2.8. This is closest to answer G, so that is the correct answer. Through this method, you find the answer a lot quicker. However, as I said before, this will only work for widespread answers. If -2.9 had been an answer, this method would not have been very effective, as you may have chosen incorrectly. So only use this method if the answer choices are widespread. Otherwise, stick to theprocess that will always work to answer these questions: Find the relevant data (two data pointsequidistant from the point in question) Average the data together to find the approximate value for the midpoint. Find the closest (or hopefully matching) answer This process gets a little trickierin extrapolations, in which we'll calculate data that is beyond the bounds of what we're given. Extrapolations In order to show how extrapolation works, we are going to work through an ACT Science practice question: Using this table to answer the question: This extrapolation, like all extrapolations, requires identifying a pattern in the data and predicting the next step in that pattern (in whichever direction the question's data lies).These patterns will always be relatively simple, so the steps we take are also relatively simple: Steps for every extrapolation question Pinpoint what we're figuring out: is it a value more or less than what we are given? Identify the relationship between 2 consecutive data points in the table or graph (it doesn't matter which points we use, as long as they are consecutive) Find the relationship between the data in the question and the data in the table Apply the pattern in the table to the new data point Let’s follow these steps to solve the ACT Science practice question above:We're figuring out the density that would match 67.54 g of solution in the graduated cylinder according to the table.The relationship between 60.63 g of solution (the second to last entry in the table) and 64.64 g (the last entry in the table) is +4.01 g of mass and +0.08 g/ml of density. The 67.54 g of solution (from the question) is above the highest step 64.64 g in the table. Figure out the exact mass difference between the two: 67.54-64.64 = 2.9 2.9 g is the mass difference as opposed to 4.01 g between the last and second to last entry.Between the second to last entry and last entry there was a +0.08 g/ml change in density.Since there is a slightly smaller mass change (about  ¾ the amount of change between the last and second to last entry), the density change will be slightly smaller (about  ¾ the amount of change between the last and second to last entry). So, the change should be about +0.06 g/ml.Add that to the last density value in the table (1.29). 1.29 + 0.06 = 1.35 g/ml So, the answer is H.Again, even if you were slightly off, you would have been closest to that answer choice. If you feel unsure of this process, you're about to get some more practice in extrapolating information. Check out this ACT Science practice question: Again, we follow the same steps:We need to use the table above.The highest given capacitance is 1.2 x 10^-6, and we are asked about 1.5 x 10^-6.The time for 1.2x 10^-6 was 8.3 seconds.The second highest given capacitance was 0.6 x 10^-6, and the time for it was 4.2 seconds.The difference in time between 1.2 and 0.6 (the second highest given capacitance) is 8.3 - 4.2 seconds.So the difference is +4.1 seconds. Recap I hope you feel like a calculating machine!For every interpolation question, Find the relevant data (two data pointsequidistant from the point in question). Average the data together to find the approximate value for the midpoint. Find the closest (or hopefully matching) answer. For every extrapolation question, Pinpoint what we're figuring out, is it a value more or less than what we are given? Identify the relationship between 2 consecutive data points in the table or graph. How much does the y-valueincrease or decrease as the x-value increases? Find the relationship between the data in the question and the data in the table. For example, is the data in the question 5 more or less than the data in the table? Apply the pattern in the table to the new data point. Findthe closest (or hopefully matching) answer. What’s Next? Now that you're a calculating machine learn about the other types of questions on the ACT Science section such asfactual questions,interpreting trends questions, experimental design questions, and interpreting experiments questions. In a hurry to study for the ACT? Learnhow to cram. Not sure where you want to go to college? We can help you pick your target school and figure out what should be your target ACT score. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dora Seigel About the Author As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography. 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Prince of Hijaz and Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prince of Hijaz and Ottoman Empire - Essay Example Ottoman Empire in Arab peninsula extended over four centuries, and with an authority that fluctuated in terms of strength and weakness. Further, this period also saw the rise of the Saudi Kingdom referred to as Al Saud. The alliances that were later formed in this region resulted in the expansion of Saudi and which provides impetus to the Saudi Arabian dynasty in the present day. The history of the Prince of Hejaz and Ottoman Empire also provides the reader with insight of when the Saudi state was created. However, this state was later destroyed by Mohammed Ali Pasha. This later contributed to the establishment again of a smaller Saudi state that existed in Nejd. However, throughout the 19th century, Al Saud continued to pursue for control of the interior lands and which, later formed Saudi Arabia and ruled by the Al Rashid. Later in the 20th century, the hold on power by Ottoman Empire begun to collapse, this period also marked the rise to power by Ibn Saud who ruled over Riyadh, and specifically Nejd. This led to Al Saud coming back from exile in Kuwait and settled in Nejd. The rise into power enabled Ibn Saud to gain support from the Ikhwan that was a tribal army which, derived influence from Wahhabism. The local army looked upon Ibn Bijad and Faisal Al-Dawish for leadership, this army was founded in 1912 and allowed Ibn Saudi to gain strength over the Ot tomans. Further, a revolt by the unified Arabs around 1916 to 1918 contributed to the demise of Ottoman Empire and their control over Arabia. This article is an important source for this topic in the sense that it describes the history of Ibn Saud also referred to as Abdual Aziz Ibn Saud. Further, this article provides information regarding Nejd which, is considered to be an Ancient land in the Arabian Peninsula. Through this article, the reader is also able to understand where the Islam religion originated. However, later on, this

International strategic management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International strategic management - Case Study Example The whole food market strives to have the highest variety of quality products in the market. This they do by ensuring a top selection of food suppliers who produce and maintain high standards of food production. They also ensure that these suppliers maintain a reasonable degree of social and environmental responsibility while producing the goods. Whole food since 2002 has tried to develop new individual stores to help them stock a lot of this produce (Thompson, 2010, p.1). Whole Food Market is also pursuing its goal for providing products of high quality in the market. These are healthy products free from all the preservatives and any other product that becomes genetically engineered that will reduce its quality as organic. The company strives in dominating the local market and also the international market. Whole food market stores are also developing ways of attracting customers to the store. They ensure that they maintain a conducive environment for their customers. This include t he use of ambient lighting, educational demonstrations to encourage their shopper to come back again and bring other customers to the stores. Whole food also uses a strategy of team work for their operations. The members of the staff get involved in the process of hiring new employees, developing and implementing new ideas and also encouraging members’ individual thinking, while still maintaining individual accountability for both the success and failure (Thompson, 2010, p.14). Q2 Yes, the strategy is well matched since Whole food objective is to supply their consumers with products of the highest quality. These are products that lack pesticides and other genetically engineered products that are likely to affect the consumers, community and agriculture health. The products also have a flavored taste to the benefits of consumers and as a current trend in a healthy lifestyle. In order to maintain their natural and organic food sectors, the firm's product line include nearly 300 00 natural, organic food and non food products (Thompson, 2010, p.10). The firm also provides fresh produce like meat and poultry, exceptional quality cheese, frozen foods and a selection of daily baked goods. All the meats and poultry provided are natural. The animals got raised without artificial growth hormones or the byproducts in their animals. The entire sea food is wild caught or found from the aquaculture farms. Q3. Yes, He has a strong vision for Whole Foods being an international brand not only just for organic and natural foods, but also as the best and leading food retailer in every region where the food stores are present. His vision was to see whole food set high standards for excellence in the business of food retail. His vision of marketing high quality and natural, organic foods to more customers all over would eventually transform the diets of people. This will make them live longer, healthier and happier lives. His vision sees the company’s future strategic course. It resonates what the firm wants to be, where it’s heading to and the scopes of its future. He is not planning to leave it at only the supply of natural and organic foods but also, take the entire food retail business (Thompson, 2010, p.2). The company’s motto is a compelling one. This is because it covers three most vital areas of success in the food industry. It majorly focuses on superior quality of the products getting offered it covers the

Conceptual Model of Strategic Data Projects

Conceptual Model of Strategic Data Projects CHOSEN SCENARIO: VINCES VINYL Analysis and Design A. Conceptual Model: A conceptual model, or a summary-level data model, is generally used on strategic data projects to describe an entire organization. As the most abstract form, it is useful in communicating ideas to a wide variety of stakeholders. Platform specific information, e.g., data types, is excluded. Other implementation details, e.g., procedures and interface definitions, are omitted. CDM (Conceptual Data Model) is typically created without consideration of database concepts and used in the initial planning phase. Business practice, rather than information similarities, defines relationships. In this phase, it is irrelevant how information is stored and managed, but primarily understanding how stored data is used is crucial. It provides the overall structure of the database and high-level information about the subject areas and/or data structures of an enterprise. Its simple purpose is to establish the Entities, their Attributes and their high-level relationships. In other words, there is little detail, consisting of the basic Entities along with their simple relationships. If any Attributes are included, they are loosely typed (e.g., no length settings). Connectors between Entities do not define relationships to specific Attributes. (UC Davis). Common characteristics of a CDM (DataModel.com): Enterprise-wide coverage of the business concepts. (For example, Customer, Product, Store, Location, Asset.) Designed and developed primarily for a business audience. Contains around 20-50 entities (or concepts) with no or extremely limited number of attributes described (sometimes minimized for printing on one page). Contains relationships between entities, but may or may not include cardinality and nullability. Entities will have definitions. Designed and developed to be independent of DBMS, data storage locations or technologies. In fact, it would address digital and non-digital concepts. This means it would model paper records and artifacts as well as database artifacts. Conceptual Model for Vinces Vinyl: The primary entities are: the owner, vendors/suppliers, customers/buyers, employees and albums. The owner purchases albums from vendors/suppliers, sells them to customers/buyers and employs part-time help, who stocks and also sells the albums to customers/buyers. (See screenshot below.) Logical Model: A logical data model, or a fully-attributed data model that is independent of DBMS, technology, data storage or organizational constraints, typically describes data requirements from the business aspect. Also referred to as LDM, it represents the (entire or partial) business requirements of an enterprise and is developed before the physical data model. It involves using the business information discovered during CDM and translating it into a relational style, empirical layout of the data. While the data modeling uses a relational model notation, the resulting data implementations using relational technologies are not required. This technique includes more detail, or Attributes. Nevertheless, it is still generic since it is not bound to a specific DBMS. It helps to define the detailed structure of the data elements in a system and the relationships between data elements. The model refines the data elements introduced by a Conceptual data model, just as it forms the basis of the physical data model. The process of creating a logical model (based on a conceptual model) involves (DataModel.com): Setting the Attributes. These later become Table Columns. Setting the Relationships. At this level, Primary Keys, Foreign Keys, etc. are not yet set. This level can be used to verify and adjust the Connector multiplicity (or, cardinality) details that were established for relationships in the Conceptual model. Common characteristics of a logical data model (DataModel.com): Typically describes data requirements for a single project or major subject area. May be integrated with other logical data models via a repository of shared entities Typically contains 100-1000 entities, although these numbers are highly variable depending on the scope of the data model. Contains relationships between entities that address cardinality and nullability (optionality) of the relationships. Designed and developed to be independent of DBMS, data storage locations or technologies. In fact, it may address digital and non-digital concepts. Data attributes will typically have datatypes with precisions and lengths assigned. Data attributes will have nullability (optionality) assigned. Entities and attributes will have definitions. All kinds of other meta data may be included (retention rules, privacy indicators, volumetrics, data lineage, etc.). In fact, the diagram of a logical data model may show only a tiny percentage of the meta data contained within the model. A logical data model will normally be derived from and or linked back to objects in a conceptual data model. A physical data model is a fully-attributed data model that is dependent upon a specific version of a data persistence technology. The target implementation technology may be a relational DBMS, an XML document, a NoSQL data storage component, a spreadsheet or any other data implementation option. Logical Model for Vinces Vinyl: Necessary aspects of the DBMS are represented to address the business solution. (See screenshots below.) Physical Design: Physical level modeling involves adding platform specific detail to the model, i.e., detail specific to the DBMS, where the database is to be deployed. This can be accomplished by creating a copy of the logical model and by adding the physical definitions. It includes all required tables, columns, relationships, and database properties. It visually represents the structure of the data, as implemented by a relational database schema (e.g., tables, columns, indexes, constraints, primary and foreign keys). In other words, by defining a physical data model, the database schema can be derived automatically. The logical model, which was derived from the business concepts (or, conceptual model), is in turn adapted for database deployment. PDM, as it is sometimes known, involves the final stage of planning. This stage involves an absolute design of the database implementation, which is often completed by a data architect, or a database administrator. As such, the CDM, LDM and PDM phases are finalized. The key aspects of PDM are (DataModel.com): For each Class: The Stereotype must be set to Table. The Database setting must be set to a specific DBMS. Update the Attributes to reflect Columns Typed to the specific DBMS Field types. Add more detail to the Connectors (relationships), in order to define the Primary Key (and Foreign Key) linking. Further details can be added to the derived physical model. These include setting: Stored Procedures: (A stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that form a logical unit and perform a particular task. Stored procedures are used to encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on a database server. They can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results, and they can have any combination of input, output and input/output parameters.) Views: (A Database View defines a subset of the database, aggregated into a dynamic, virtual table. The information presented by a Database View is not physically replicated. It is simply automatically derived based on the query that defines the view.) Common characteristics of a physical data model (DataModel.com): Typically describes data requirements for a single project or application, sometimes even a portion of an application. May be integrated with other physical data models via a repository of shared entities Typically contains 10-1000 tables, although these numbers are highly variable depending on the scope of the data model. Contains relationships between tables that address cardinality and nullability (optionality) of the relationships. Designed and developed to be dependent on a specific version of a DBMS, data storage location or technology. Columns will contain precision- and length-assigned datatypes. Columns will have nullability (optionality) assigned. Tables and columns will have definitions. It will also include other physical objects such as views, primary key constraints, foreign key constraints, indexes, security roles, store procedures, XML extensions, file stores, etc. The diagram of a physical data model may show only a tiny percentage of the meta data contained within the model. Physical Model for Vinces Vinyl: This model builds on the nonphysical (conceptual and logical) models that have been crafted. (See screenshot below.) (Special note: In case the above sample is insufficient, I am including the database diagram that I also submitted for the Scenario Activity.)

Compare/Contrast essay on Republicans and Democrats Essay

Anti-slavery individuals who believed that the government should grant western lands to settlers free of charge founded the Republican Party in the 1850’s. The first official meeting was held on July 6, 1854 in Jackson, Michigan. The republicans became a national party in 1856. Abraham Lincoln was the first republican president. A few credits to the republican party include: the signing of the emancipation proclamation by President Lincoln, the 13th amendment which outlawed slavery, the 14th amendment which Guaranteed rights Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process and Equal Protection, and the 15th amendment which gave all citizens the right to vote no matter what color, race or indifference they might have. In 1917, a Republican from Montana named Jeanette Rankin was the first woman elected to congress. The basic principles of the Republican Party are: all people are entitled to equal rights, individuals, not government, and decisions are best make close to home. The elephant is the symbol of the Republican Party. It was by a cartoonist for Harper’s Weekly named Thomas Nast. Many significant Republican presidents served our nation with great leadership and integrity these include Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses Grant, Herbert Hoover and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Between those men we ended slavery, war and depression to bring our country into a great civilization where every man, woman and child is free to achieve the hopes and dreams as they please. In 1792, Thomas Jefferson founded the Democratic Party. It was formed as a congressional caucus to fight for the Bill of Rights and against the Federalist Party. Thomas Jefferson was the first democratic President elected to office. There is a lot to be said about the past leaders of the Democratic Party, the first word that comes to my mind is dreamers. There were great strides taken for our country when democrats were in office. Roosevelt ended the depression, brought water to California and saved many of countless farms in the Midwest. Truman integrated the military and helped to reconstruct Europe by establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. And in the 1960’s President Kennedy created the Peace Corps,  banned atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and spoke these famous words whose echo still resonates in the ears of many Americans â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you–ask what you can do for your country.† And finally, President Clinton who reduced unemployment, lowered the crime rate and reduced the national debt significantly. The former Chairman of the Democratic party Ron Brown once said,† The common thread of Democratic history, from Thomas Jefferson to Bill Clinton, has been an abiding faith in the judgment of hardworking American families, and a commitment to helping the excluded, the disenfranchised and the poor strengthen our nation by earning themselves a piece of the American Dream. We remember that this great land was sculpted by immigrants and slaves, their children and grandchildren.† In my opinion, no truer words have ever been spoken about the principles of the Democratic Party. There are many differences between republicans and democrats. Republicans are known as the conservatives and democrats are known as the progressives or liberals. Democrats believe that tax cuts should go to working families to increase their purchasing power, which in turn increases the economy. Republicans believe that tax cuts should go to the wealthy so they can invest more. Through all the studying and research, that I did there is one sentence that sums up everything â€Å"democrats are for the working man and republicans are for the businessman†. Since doing this essay, it has enlightened me on the vast differences between each party. I did not know a lot of the information that I read about and I enjoyed it immensely. I have a newfound respect for each of the parties. It took a lot of hard work and ingenuity to break from England and start this great country of ours, and it takes a lot more to keep it going year-by-year and decade by decade. I am very proud to be an American and can only hope to do half of what our Founding Fathers have done for us. Reference Page Langan, John. College Writing Skills. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Hardin, Richard. â€Å"Difference between Democrat and Republican Parties.† 20 Aug.2008 http://www.rahardin.com/DemocratRepublican.htm.

10 Best Russian Cartoons for Language Learners

Wall Street Architecture in New York City